“Così fan tutte,” meaning “Women are like that,” is a captivating Italian opera buffa in two acts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The opera, with a libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte, premiered in 1790 at the Burgtheater in Vienna. The opera’s title, often translated as “All Women Do It” or “They’re All Like That,” hints at the central theme of fidelity and the complexities of love and relationships.
The Story of Deception and Intrigue
“Così fan tutte” revolves around a cynical bachelor named Don Alfonso who makes a wager with two young officers, Ferrando and Guglielmo, about the faithfulness of their fiancées, Fiordiligi and Dorabella. Don Alfonso, convinced of women’s inherent fickleness, orchestrates an elaborate ruse to test their loyalty.
The officers pretend to be called away to war but return disguised as Albanian noblemen. They then attempt to seduce each other’s fiancées, showering them with extravagant compliments and declarations of love. At first, Fiordiligi and Dorabella resist these advances, remaining steadfast in their devotion.
Testing the Limits of Love
However, as the “Albanians’” persistence grows, cracks begin to appear in the sisters’ resolve. Dorabella, more pragmatic and easily swayed by flattery, is the first to succumb to the disguised Ferrando’s advances. Fiordiligi, though initially resolute, eventually finds herself drawn to Guglielmo’s persistent charms.
This turn of events leads to a whirlwind of emotions: jealousy, betrayal, confusion, and ultimately, a sense of resignation. The climax of the opera sees the sisters agreeing to marry their new suitors, with a mock wedding ceremony taking place.
A Timeless Commentary on Human Nature
Just as the ceremony concludes, the “Albanians” abruptly drop their disguises, revealing the cruel trick played on the women. The ending of “Così fan tutte” is open to interpretation. While some view it as a cynical commentary on the fickle nature of love, others see it as a more nuanced exploration of the complexities of human relationships and the challenges of fidelity.
Mozart’s masterful score beautifully underscores the emotional turmoil of the characters, from the playful and lighthearted to the deeply moving and tragic. The opera’s enduring popularity rests not only on its exquisite music but also on its thought-provoking themes that continue to resonate with audiences centuries later.